Prevalence and Risk Factors of Avian Coccidiosis in Domestic Chickens (Gallus Gallus Domesticus) In Tehsil Matta, Swat, Pakistan

Abstract

Background: Avian Coccidiosis is an important parasitic disease of poultry production worldwide caused by Eimeria spp. In Pakistan, in rural areas where veterinary services are limited, its prevalence and impacts are not well documented. Objective: To determine the prevalence, risk factors and clinical effects of coccidiosis in domesticated chickens (Gallus Gallus Domesticus) in Tehsil Matta, Swat, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from March to July 2025. A total of 750 chickens underwent clinical examination for signs of coccidiosis. Eimeria oocysts were detected in fecal samples from suspected cases (90) by the flotation method. Structured questionnaires were used to gather data on potential risk factors such as age, gender, housing Conditions, season and vaccination status, which were subsequently analyzed. Results: The overall prevalence of coccidiosis was 8.0% (60/750). The infection rate was higher in female chickens (75%, n=45) than in males (25%, n=15). The most susceptible age group of young chickens (up to 3 months old) accounted for 65% (n=39). Key risk factors that were significantly associated with infection were crowded housing (80%, n=48), summer season (88.3%, n=53), and not being vaccinated (91.7%, n=55). The high rates of infection were also associated with poor sanitation. Clinical effects consisted of decreased feed consumption, diarrhea, ruffled feathers and a 30% (18/60) mortality rate in infected birds. Conclusion: Avian Coccidiosis is common in domestic chickens in Tehsil Matta and the young, unvaccinated chickens are most susceptible in overcrowded and unsanitary Conditions. The disease results in substantial mortality and reduced productivity and there is a need for better management, biosecurity and awareness programs in the region.