Assessment of Awareness and Utilization of Rehabilitation Services among Persons with Physical Disabilities in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan

Abstract

Background: Disability remains a major public health concern globally and disproportionately affects individuals’ quality of life, social participation, and economic productivity. Persons with physical disabilities (PWPDs) often experience barriers in accessing preventive and rehabilitation services, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness regarding disability and to evaluate the frequency of utilization of rehabilitation services among PWPDs attending a tertiary care rehabilitation facility in Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Artificial Limb Centre, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, from January to March 2024. A total of 238 PWPDs aged 19–45 years were selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge and attitudes toward disability, and utilization of rehabilitation services. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics were computed, and associations between awareness levels and service utilization were assessed using the Chi-square test at a 5% significance level. Results: Among the respondents, 61.3% were male and 38.7% were female. Most participants demonstrated awareness regarding the consequences and prevention of disability; however, knowledge about available rehabilitation programs was comparatively limited. Positive attitudes toward disability were observed at individual and family levels, with self-reliance reported by a majority of participants. Regular utilization of rehabilitation services was significantly associated with higher awareness levels (p < 0.05). Key barriers to utilization included affordability, limited accessibility, and inadequate availability of rehabilitation services. Conclusion: Although PWPDs showed reasonable awareness regarding disability and its prevention, gaps persist in knowledge and utilization of rehabilitation services. Addressing financial, infrastructural, and informational barriers is essential to improve service uptake and overall quality of life among PWPDs. Strengthening public awareness campaigns and integrating rehabilitation into primary healthcare may enhance equitable access.